Judo consists of throws, takedowns and grappling techniques which include floor restraints, arm and leg locks, chokes and strangles. The fundamental principle of judo is to displace an opponent's point of balance using the attacker's weight and strength against him or herself. Techniques are applied to neutralise an opponent as opposed to injure or kill. Judo translates as 'gentle way'.
Judo was founded in Japan by Professor Jiguro Kano in the 19th century. Seeking to develop a system of physical exercise, he attended several jujitsu schools and adopting the best principles of each system and eliminating moves that might kill or maim, he developed his own complex series of training techniques.
Professor Kano formulated judo to train the mind and body and educate young people. He spread the practice and philosophy of judo to the west when he came to Europe. Judo's popularity grew and, although not originally created as a competition sport, the first international judo tournament took place in 1947 between Great Britain and France. Competition still figures highly in judo and so far it is the only martial art to reach the Olympics.
